Gradgrinds system Essay Example for Free

Gradgrinds system Essay In this fifth chapter the readers are certainly convinced of Bitzers unpleasantness because of what he says about horse riders. He says, The horse riders never mind what they say, which shows that he has been affected by Mr.Gradgrinds teaching method in that now he looks down upon anything that is slightly fanciful. This lets the readers know that Mr.Gradgrinds system is failing because although the pupils he is teaching are becoming more intellectual, they are also becoming more devoid of sentiment, and therefore more unkind to others around them. I think that Sissy becomes a much more favoured character in this chapter because she seems innocent and frightened when she says things like, he frightened me so. I think that this is Dickens trying to prove that the more fanciful and spirited character in the book should be treated better and listened to more.  By the last chapter in the second book it is completely clear that Mr.Gradgrinds views have been wrong all along. At this point in the story Louisa has been married to Mr.Bounderby, and Sissy is living with the Gradgrinds. It is obvious throughout the book that Louisa dislikes Mr.Bounderby intensely; however her father never picks up on these emotions. That is why, during this chapter, Louisa breaks down and tells her father how she feels. I think it is significant that Louisa arrives at her fathers house drenched from the storm, as this makes the scene seem more dramatic and her seem in a much greater state of desperation. She says a lot about what she feels and she lets go of all her pent up frustration when she says things like, I curse the hour in which I was born to such a destiny, if you had only neglected me, what a much better and much happier creature I should have been this day, and, What have you done O father, what have you done with the garden that should have bloomed once, in this great wilderness here? These are all very powerful words and I think that it is when Louisa has made all her points that the readers see Mr.Gradgrind for what he really is: not a man who wishes to crush the happiness of anyone he comes into contact with, but a father who loves his children and only has their best interests at heart, regardless of how misguided his ideas on upbringing are. I can tell this because he says things like, my poor child, and, I never knew you were unhappy, my child. The plot outcomes really bring Dickens points of view out into the open as he has shown how the characters that were oppressed by Mr.Gradgrinds system have been destroyed and how the people who stayed true to themselves have succeeded. For instance, Louisa had become the sorry, wretched woman who broke down in front of her father, and Tom has resorted to stealing and deceit. Also Bitzer, who has been brought up alongside Mr.Gradgrinds system has become an unemotional man of facts and figures, who doesnt care for anyones feelings. Sissy on the other hand who had remained kind and spirited for the whole of the story, and who was raised by the circus, becomes a very carefree and happy woman.  Mr.Gradgrind when shown the error of his ways becomes a much more tolerable man and I think the readers respect him for making a change. I think this is how Dickens tries to express the fact that a change in society must be made, and if it were the person who was responsible for the change would be greatly respected and honoured.

New York and the Spanish Influenza :: Influenza Epidemics Health Essays

New York and the Spanish Influenza NEW YORK--Although public health officials, including the Surgeon General, have been reluctant to declare an epidemic of crisis proportions, indications that something more than a mild flu season was at hand began to appear as far back as May when reports from China, the Front lines, and other places around the world, were telling of large numbers of people becoming suddenly ill.1 Few deaths were acknowledged in those early reports and most reports indicated the illness only lasted a few days. Five months later we are seeing something that is quite different. Spanish influenza is spreading faster than health care personnel can treat it. The growing number of people being infected and the dwindling supply of doctors and nurses, already strained by the war, makes it more difficult to treat the sick and thereby slow or stop the spread of the disease. The dynamics of the situation suggests that things are going to get worse before getting better. As early as May and June, there were reports of widespread illness amongst the German soldiers, and later reports in July said that the disease struck so quickly and was so virulent that many German soldiers were dying in the trenches from influenza.2 In Berne, Switzerland, the municipality has forbidden all meetings, including performances in theatres, picture houses, music halls, and concerts. The ban also includes religious ceremonies. Those who ignore the order could face fines and imprisonment.3 It was not until August, however, before officials here in the United States, particularly in New York, expressed any real concern for the latest influenza invasion, which incidentally, did not originate in Spain as the name may suggest. The initial cause for alarm in New York was the discovery of nine cases of influenza aboard a Norwegian vessel that had docked at Quarantine in New York Harbor. Dr. Leland E. Cofer, Health Officer of the Port downplayed the chances of more people b ecoming ill or that the disease would spread; however, the concern was great enough amongst health officials that there was talk of imposing a quarantine in New York.4 When discussing the possibility of a quarantine, Colonel J. M. Kennedy, Medical Corps, U.S.A., Chief Surgeon at the New York port of embarkation, indicated he opposed a quarantine because it would clog the harbor and produce delays in sending troops and supplies overseas, and that the influenza here is not at all dangerous, except when pneumonia develops, and even when pneumonia develops, only a few cases are fatal. New York and the Spanish Influenza :: Influenza Epidemics Health Essays New York and the Spanish Influenza NEW YORK--Although public health officials, including the Surgeon General, have been reluctant to declare an epidemic of crisis proportions, indications that something more than a mild flu season was at hand began to appear as far back as May when reports from China, the Front lines, and other places around the world, were telling of large numbers of people becoming suddenly ill.1 Few deaths were acknowledged in those early reports and most reports indicated the illness only lasted a few days. Five months later we are seeing something that is quite different. Spanish influenza is spreading faster than health care personnel can treat it. The growing number of people being infected and the dwindling supply of doctors and nurses, already strained by the war, makes it more difficult to treat the sick and thereby slow or stop the spread of the disease. The dynamics of the situation suggests that things are going to get worse before getting better. As early as May and June, there were reports of widespread illness amongst the German soldiers, and later reports in July said that the disease struck so quickly and was so virulent that many German soldiers were dying in the trenches from influenza.2 In Berne, Switzerland, the municipality has forbidden all meetings, including performances in theatres, picture houses, music halls, and concerts. The ban also includes religious ceremonies. Those who ignore the order could face fines and imprisonment.3 It was not until August, however, before officials here in the United States, particularly in New York, expressed any real concern for the latest influenza invasion, which incidentally, did not originate in Spain as the name may suggest. The initial cause for alarm in New York was the discovery of nine cases of influenza aboard a Norwegian vessel that had docked at Quarantine in New York Harbor. Dr. Leland E. Cofer, Health Officer of the Port downplayed the chances of more people b ecoming ill or that the disease would spread; however, the concern was great enough amongst health officials that there was talk of imposing a quarantine in New York.4 When discussing the possibility of a quarantine, Colonel J. M. Kennedy, Medical Corps, U.S.A., Chief Surgeon at the New York port of embarkation, indicated he opposed a quarantine because it would clog the harbor and produce delays in sending troops and supplies overseas, and that the influenza here is not at all dangerous, except when pneumonia develops, and even when pneumonia develops, only a few cases are fatal.

Film Opinion Essay

When I decide to drive to the movie theater or to sit down and enjoy a film, several factors play in my choice of movie. Most of the time, it depends on the mood that I am in. Am I in the mood for something light and funny? Or do I want to submerge myself into a detail-oriented film such as Inception? I take into consideration whether I have enjoyed the actors in previous films, and if I think they will provide the entertainment I am looking for. Has the trailer engaged me long enough to make me interested in the film? Or has the advertising flooded me with information that makes me feel as though the film will be another flop and not worth my time? These are all questions I ask myself when I start to think about watching a movie. Generally, I don’t take movie critic reviews into consideration because I have been disappointed several times in the past, but I will listen to what friends have to say about their experience with the movie. I enjoy most films across all genres. I enjoy when the stories are detailed, and provide a history of the characters, whether through flashbacks or dialogue. I prefer comedies to be humorously dark, sarcastic, or dry. With dramas or action flicks, I prefer for the protagonist to have some tragic faults that lead to their outcome or victory to be sweeter or to justify a better cause than them. I enjoy dialogue-heavy films with actors who can portray the character in a way that makes me believe in them. The recent run of comic-based movies is thoroughly enjoyable to me, due to the rich storytelling and deep backstories from the comic books that the movies accompany. Seeing those characters given life by actors that pull off the mannerisms and attitudes helps ensnare new fans into the world of comics. Science fiction films draw me in because I have always been intrigued by the idea that our technological advancement will eventually cause issues that could lead to humanity’s downfall. When I can watch movies over and over again and find new, interesting subplots or Easter eggs, it makes the experience more rewarding. I do not enjoy films with plotlines that do not make sense, create a story too difficult for the medium to translate properly for the audience, or when movies start plotlines but do not see them through. When watching horror films, slasher films do not pique my interest as much as psychological or religious horror films do. I try to stay away from the general run of the mill action films that come out every summer, that tend to have the same formula as a lot of other action movies. In rare instances, the soundtrack of a film will turn me away if it does not fit the mood and movement of the film. This makes them very predictable and unenjoyable to me. I also find it difficult to watch movies that are based on books but take too many liberties and do not follow the book’s storyline. All in all, I enjoy watching movies and do so several times a week if I have the time. Whether it be new films or favorites that I have watched many times, it is always good to escape from reality for a short time and to relax. Movies have always been a good conversation piece for my circle of friends, and are usually what we choose to do when we get together. I find that I have no problem sitting down and starting any movie at home to see if it will capture my interest, but when it comes to paying for a ticket, I am more picky because I do not want to feel as though I wasted my money.

Ankle Sprain in Volleyball - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2927 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/02 Category Sports Essay Level High school Tags: Volleyball Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Volleyball is a very safe sport, even at the highest levels of play 1. Indeed, when compared with other team sports played at Olympic Games in Athens 2 and London 3, volleyball shows the lowest injury incidence rate. Incidence of time-loss injuries in volleyball during match play is 3.8/1000 player hours (95% CI 3.0 to 4.5), with higher incidence among senior players and without differences among sexes Regardless of the sex or level of play, the most frequent injury in volleyball is ankle sprain 4-6, accounting for 25.9% of all acute time loss injuries in volleyball 1,7. Recent literature review 8 has shown that overall incidence of ankle injuries per 1000 player hours is 0.9 – 1.0, while match and training incidence is 1.7 and 0.8 injuries/1000 player hours, respectively. The authors 8 have also shown that match injuries are more frequent in men (2.6/1000 player hours) compared with women (0.7/1000 player hours). Most ankle sprains in volleyball occur in the conflict zone around the net following the landing from a vertical jump 4,9. In particular, half of all ankle sprains in volleyball are related to landing from blocking, and approximately one third to spiking 10,11. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ankle Sprain in Volleyball" essay for you Create order While epidemiology and injury mechanisms of ankle sprain in volleyball are well documented, there is a surprising lack of data regarding the potential risk factors. Data from prospective epidemiological studies have shown that the most commonly described and consistent risk factors for ankle sprains in volleyball are previous ankle injury 6,12 and body mass index 13,14. From functional point of view, decreased lower extremity neuromuscular control could be associated with increased risk for ankle sprain in volleyball 15. In an observational case-control study, Suda and Sacco 15 reported decreased peroneus longus activity before ground impact in volleyball players with chronic ankle instability. Furthermore, van den Doers et al. 16 have prospectively studied the association of landing control with the risk of ankle sprains in a group of volleyball, basketball, and korfball players, and concluded that poor landing stability in the forward and diagonal jump direction, and landing techni que with a greater ankle dorsiflexion moment are significant risk factors for ankle sprain. These findings are not surprising, given that many ankle sprains occur during landing from a jump. Finally, there is evidence that greater strength of the plantar flexors may predict an ankle sprain in volleyball players 17,18. This finding may be explained with the increased vertical jump height in players with greater plantar flexor strength and subsequent problems during landing following such jump 18. This could be especially evident in male volleyball players that predominantly use single leg landing strategy in comparison with female volleyball players 19. Indeed, previous studies have shown that plantar flexors strength contributes significantly to the vertical jump height 20. However, the contribution of knee extensors (quadriceps) strength to the vertical jump height is even higher 21. It is, therefore, possible that quadriceps strength, as well as jumping performance, are also associated with the risk of ankle injuries in volleyball. In addition, due to unilateral landing strategy, bilateral asymmetry in quadriceps strength could also be linked to risk of ankle sprains i n male volleyball. To our best knowledge, no study has attempted to investigate these conjectures. The purpose of this study was to prospectively establish the association between leg extensor strength and power qualities (i.e. isokinetic quadriceps strength, bilateral quadriceps strength asymmetry, and vertical jump performance), and the risk of ankle sprains in male volleyball players. Material and methods This was a prospective epidemiological study. Male volleyball players (N=99) from Slovenian national league were recruited to participate in the study. Prior to the start of the volleyball season, all the participants completed a preseason questionnaire (including data about the previous ankle injuries) and underwent anthropometric measurements, vertical jump testing, and a bilateral isokinetic evaluation of the quadriceps (Q) and hamstrings (H). During the subsequent season the players reported through a weekly questionnaire any acute time loss ankle sprain that has occurred. Male volleyball players from Slovenian 1st and 2nd national league volunteered to participate in the study. Main inclusion criteria were: age ? 18 years, regular participation in volleyball training at least 3 times per week, no major injuries upon entry into the study (injuries that would demand more than 4 weeks to return to play) and absence of all general contraindications for isokinetic strength testing of the knee. National Medical Ethics Committee (no. 63/07/12) has approved the study. We assessed body height and body mass using a stadiometer and scale (models 222 and 762, respectively; Seca Instruments Ltd, Hamburg, Germany) and skinfolds using Harpenden skinfold calipers (Holtain Ltd, Crosswell, Crymych, United Kingdom). From 7 skinfold measures, we calculated the body fat percentage using a Jackons Pollock formula 22. The same experienced examiner performed all testing. Players from the same volleyball club were tested on the same day. A day prior to testing no practice was allowed. Each testing session started with a warm up consisting of cycling for 6 minutes at moderate pace (100 W), followed by a 15 second stretch of Q and H. All participants were given a detailed explanation about the testing procedure, which was also demonstrated on an independent subject not participating in the study prior to testing. The height of the countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) was tested using an Optojump system (Microgate, Bolzano, Italy). Briefly, each athlete started from an upright standing position, making a preliminary downward movement by flexing at the knees and hips, then immediately extending knees and hips again to jump vertically up off the ground. Athletes performed 3 repetitions of CMJ and the best result in cm was recorded as the main outcome measure. The Optojump is a dual beam optical device that measures contact and flight times during a series of jumps (or single jump). Flight time (tair) was used to calculate height of the rise of the bodys centre of gravity (height = (g Ãâ€" tair2)/8). The validity and reproducibility of VJ testing using Optojump device proved to be excellent 23. Testing was performed using Techno-Gym REV 9000 isokinetic dynamometer (TehcnoGym, SpA, Via G. Perticari 20, 47035 Gambet-Tola, Forli, Italy). Players were tested in sitting position. The axis of rotation of knee joint was identified through the lateral femoral condyle and aligned with the motor axis using a laser beam preinstalled into the head of dynamometer. A range of motion (ROM) of 60 ° was set from 30 ° to 90 ° knee flexion (full extension considered 0 °). In our previous study we have already shown that testing in short ROM yields same results as testing in the full ROM, while being much more suitable for the participants 24. Testing was performed at 60 °/s for both concentric and eccentric contraction modes for Q and H. Gravity error torque was recorded for every athlete. Prior to testing each participant performed 2 submaximal and 1 maximal repetition at a given velocity and mode of contraction. Each participant performed 5 maximal contractions in the following or der: (1) five consecutive concentric Q and H contractions followed by a 60s pause, (2) five eccentric Q contractions followed by a 60s pause, (3) five eccentric H contractions. When testing of one side was completed, a 3 minutes break followed during which the machine setting was changed to accommodate for the opposite leg. The first tested leg was assigned randomly for each athlete. There was consistent verbal coaching, and visual feedback was allowed throughout the testing. Following the preseason testing, club representatives were designated to register training load and injuries. Injury was defined as ankle sprain that occurs during training or match play and results in the immediate termination of play and inability to participate in the next training session or match 25. Injuries and training exposures were reported on a weekly basis. In case of an injury team physician and/or physical therapist was contacted to obtain full injury report form. All calculations were performed using SPSS for Windows (version 17.0; SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Following the testing Q concentric (Qcon) and eccentric (Qecc) and H concentric (Hcon) and eccentric (Hecc) peak torque data (in Nm) were extracted and normalized for body weight and expressed as peak torque to body weight (in Nm/kg). We have also calculated the following strength ratios for each leg: conventional hamstring-quadriceps ratio (HQR; Hcon/Qcon), dynamic functional ratio (DFR; Hecc/Qcon), quadriceps (QEC) and hamstrings (HEC) eccentric to concentric ratio (Qecc/Qcon and Hecc/Hcon, respectively). It should be noted that, regardless of limb dominance, 90% of male volleyball players use right leg as take-off leg during attack jump 26. In that regard, bilateral strength asymmetry of Q and Q for each contraction type was calculated using the formula 1–(strength left side/strength right side) and expressed as a percentage. Bilateral strength asymmetry was defined as abnormal whe n the difference between the right and left Q and H strength exceeded 15% 27. All values were later on presented as mean  ± standard deviation and one-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the differences among injured vs. uninjured players. Effect sizes (ES) were calculated for group differences in selected variables, and were interpreted as small (0.2), moderate (0.5), and large (0.8). Binary logistic regression was used to calculate odd ratio for ankle sprain using bilateral strength asymmetry, CMJ height, and previous ankle sprain as independent predictors. A significance level of .05 was used for all tests. Results Main characteristics of the players are presented in Table 1. During the season, we have registered 19 ankle sprains (15 first time ankle sprains and 4 recurrences) among 99 players during 46 629 player hours, 40 887 hours of training and 5 643 hours of match play. The total (overall) ankle sprain incidence was 0.41 ±0.24 per 1000 hours of play, 0.46 ±0.19 during training and 3.37 ±1.15 during play. In logistic regression model previous ankle injury was not a significant risk factors (?2(1)=0.063, p=0.802; odd ratio 0.86; 95% CI: 0.25-2.89). Table 1 Countermovement jump height did not significantly differ (F=1.06, p=0.306; ES = 0.27) between players with (40.8 cm ? 6.9 cm) and without ankle sprain (38.7 cm ? 8.5 cm). Furthermore, in logistic regression model countermovement jump height was not a significant risk factor for ankle sprain (odd ratio: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.94 – 1.19, p=0.393). Strength of Q and H and calculated strength ratios and bilateral strength asymmetry in players with and without ankle sprain are presented in Table 2. The players with ankle sprain had significantly higher right Q strength in comparison with healthy players (2.90 Nm/kg vs. 2.66 Nm/kg; F=4.95, p=0.028; ES = 0.63). Consequently, players with ankle sprain also had a lower HQR (0.56 vs. 0.62; F=5.12, p=0.026; ES = 0.63) and higher Q strength asymmetry in favour of the right side (6.63% vs. -4.36%; F=5.12, p=0.024; ES = 0.68) (Table 2). In logistic regression model, bilateral Q strength asymmetry was a significant risk factor for ankle sprain with odd ratio 0.956 (95% CI 0.919-0.995, p=0.026; B= -.045). Furthermore, when we introduced a proposed normative cut off value for Q strength of 2.7 Nm/kg that was calculated from a previous study28 that included only healthy volleyball players without a history of ankle sprain, we observed that 95% confidence interval of right Q strength in players who have sustained an ankle sprain was above that cut off value (Figure 1). Calculated sensitivity and specificity of such cut off to discriminate between players with and without future ankle sprain was 68% and 53%, respectively. Table 2 Figure 1 Discussion The major findings of the current study were: (i) previous ankle sprain was not a significant risk factor for future ankle sprain; (ii) albeit somewhat higher in the injured group (ES = 0.27), CMJ height was not a significant risk factor for ankle sprain; (iii) bilateral Q strength asymmetry was a significant risk factor for ankle sprain; and (iv) injured players had higher right concentric Q strength, higher bilateral Q strength asymmetry in favour of the right side, and lower HQR on the right leg (ES = 0.63-0.68). Contrary to our findings, several previous studies reported previous ankle sprain as a significant risk factor for future ankle sprain in volleyball (3, 34). Bahr Bahr (3) prospectively studied 272 male and female Norwegian volleyball players and reported previous ankle sprain as a significant risk factor for future ankle sprain. In another prospective study, Verhagen et al. (34) followed 486 male and female players from the second and third Dutch national volleyball divisions during the whole season and reported that 75% of all players with an ankle sprain reported a previous ankle sprain. This discrepancy in findings between the current study and previous research could be related to the fact that we only studied male volleyball players, while both previous studies included male and female players. Another possible explanation could be related to markedly lower overall incidence of ankle sprains in the current study (0.41/1000 h) compared with previous studies (1.0/1000 h) (3, 34) . This relatively low number of ankle sprains in the current study could result in low power for statistical analysis to identify risk factors, and represents the limitation of our study. Nevertheless, our study yielded some new important findings related to Q function and ankle sprain risk in male volleyball. First, we observed that bilateral asymmetry in concentric Q strength, albeit not abnormal (?15%) in the tested sample (see Table 2), was a significant risk factor for ankle sprain. We also observed significant group differences of moderate magnitude in bilateral concentric Q strength asymmetry in favor of the right side in the injured group. In particular, the injured group had on average 6.6% higher right concentric Q strength, while the uninjured group displayed 4.4% higher left concentric Q strength, respectively. As there were no group differences in H strength, injured group also had significantly lower HQR of moderate magnitude. In order to explain these findings, we have (re) analysed the nature of the attack jump in volleyball (Figure 2). The players are usually performing attack jump following a three-step approach: left foot (short step) – right foot (long step) – left foot joins the right foot – push off for vertical jump. The second step where they plant a right foot on the ground is the longest one. When right foot is planted, the right knee goes into semi-flexion, while Q is being eccentrically loaded. The left foot than follows and shortly after the contact of the left foot with the ground (third step) the push off phase of jump is initiated. Right Q loading seems therefore longer in comparison to the left side, and is essential for a concentric part of the CMJ where explosive concentric Q strength is needed to push off the ground 29. We hypothesize that this might explain our finding regarding the importance of right Q strength. It has been shown that Q concentric strength expl ains up to 56% of vertical jump height 20; hence we might expect players with stronger Q to jump significantly higher. Considering the fact that male volleyball players land on one leg more frequently than females 19, we may also understand that landing safely from a jump is highly demanding neuromuscular task that requires proper strength of the whole kinematic chain involved. The fact that eccentric Q function and CMJ height were not significant risk factor for ankle sprain in the current study contradicts our conjecture, but could be related to previously mentioned low power for statistical analysis to identify risk factors due to relatively low number of ankle sprains. Figure 2 The results of logistic regression suggest that decreasing the bilateral asymmetry in concentric Q strength for 1% could decrease the risk for ankle sprain (B= -.045) for 4% in male volleyball players. However, this simplistic strategy for prevention of ankle sprains in male volleyball could be misleading, given that the observed bilateral asymmetry in concentric Q strength was rather small (see previous paragraphs). Also, it does not take into account strength of H muscles. Indeed, in our previous study, we have shown that international-level volleyball players (playing at CEV Champion League and/or national team) had significantly stronger right concentric and eccentric H strength 28. It seems likely that high-level volleyball players are compensating higher right Q strength through increased reciprocal strength of H (antagonists) that may help amortization during landing. Hence, future intervention studies are needed to define the optimal strategy for prevention of ankle sprains i n male volleyball, taking into account function of Q and H muscles. Present results are also in concordance with results of previous study 18 where it was shown that higher plantar flexors strength is a significant predictor of ankle sprain. Furthermore, Lian and co-workers (REF) also observed that volleyball players with patellar tendinopathy had significantly higher jumping performance (take-off force in particular) compared with players without history of patellar tendinopathy. Overall, these results suggest that whole kinematic chain that contributes to the vertical jump height (performance) could also be important in the terms of lower-extremity injury risk (health). We have to acknowledge limitations of the current study. Aside from low incidence of ankle sprains leading to low statistical power, limitation of our study is related to the fact that we only analysed male volleyball players. As vertical jump technique is different for males and females 30, we cannot generalize our findings to female population. Finally, we have not analysed other possible functional risk factors (e.g. balance ability, neuromuscular coordination) that could contribute to the ankle sprain risk. Future studies should address these limitations. Conclusion In male volleyball, players with excessive concentric strength of the right Q, which leads to low H-Q strength ratio, and high bilateral Q strength asymmetry in favour of right side, could be at increased risk of ankle sprains. Previous ankle sprain was not a significant risk factor for future ankle sprain, possibly due to relatively low number of ankle sprains in the current study. Although additional research is needed, our results suggest that volleyball coaches and specialists should put emphasis on eliminating players’ right Q dominance via contralateral Q strengthening, and well as ipsilateral concentric and eccentric H strengthening. Practical application Quadriceps strength asymmetry seems important risk factor for ankle sprain in volleyball Decreasing quadriceps asymmetry for 1% with unilateral strengthening will decrease risk for ankle sprain for 4%. Athletes will also benefit from concomitant concentric and eccentric hamstring strengthening. Acknowledgement This study was supported by Slovenian Research Agency through a project P5-0147.

Thinking Through the Past, Ch. 4 Essay - 1450 Words

The American Revolutionary war began in-part because of economic struggles England faced after securing safety for it’s colonies during the Seven Years War. England needed to increase their taxation on the colonists after the war to pay off its war debts. Prior to these taxes, the colonies were wholly content while under the wing of the British Empire. Not only because the protection the British provided, but also because of their deep reverence for the Motherland. Colonists were angered by with Parliament due to their lack of acknowledgement towards colonists rights and opinions. Colonists stood together in a defiant motion towards liberation from England’s tyrannous acts of lawless duplicity. Before British government was able to fully†¦show more content†¦The Stamp Act Crisis in Boston, Massachusetts quickly became a centralized location for further detest to the British law. Colonists fought against the stamp act with fury and anger. Nash adds to the compel ling reality that dregs had little or nothing to lose compared to the Elite colonists in the fight with Governor Thomas Hutchinson and brother-in-law Andrew Oliver, both were sent by Britain to restore order and invoke the laws. The common worker had their hands in on the destruction of Hutchinson and Oliver’s property during one of their mob riots as mentioned in source three.. Ebenezer MacIntosh was viewed as â€Å"The principal leader of the mob,†(63) but by no means were these acts set in play by anyone other than British Parliament’s forges for rapid wealth.The common people brought Parliament’s ability to tax to a screeching halt. Gary Nash also brought forth the objections of two groups that were under the subjection of colonial mistreatment. Native Americans and Slaves acted in attempts to liberate themselves throughout the American Revolution. Though their enemy was not the British, but rather the colonists that exploited them. 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Thinking that it’s been hours since the last time you looked at the clock, but in reality only ten minutes have passed. As this common situation used personal perception that, altered the reality of physical time. This is a prime example why I believe that time is perceived only through the construction of events rather than the physical time used. Although physical time is commonly used; each individual has their own ability to alter the perception of time differently, based on past experiencesRead MoreSylabus Essay3948 Words   |  16 Pageswhich continues the process of learning to read and critically engage various texts. Students write papers that summarize, critique, and synthesize sources, leading to researched and formally documented argumentation papers. Builds upon English 111 through its increased focus on academic argument and the processes of synthesizing written published texts. (Required in all degree programs) (Also offered as a web course) Prerequisites: ENG 111 Current Textbooks, Materials, Equipment (software/hardwareRead MoreCase Study3033 Words   |  13 Pages Mahesh P. Joshi Ph.D. Office: 210 Enterprise Hall; (703) 993-1761 email: mpjoshi@gmu.edu; mpjgmu@gmail.com (preferred email) Timings: 4:30 pm to 7:10 pm (section 006) and 7:20 pm – 10:00 pm (section 007) Day: Tuesday Location: Robinson Hall B 208 (section 006) and Robinson Hall B 211 (section 007) Office Hours: Tuesday 3:30 pm to 4:00 pm or anytime by appointment Instructional Material: Strategic Management Concepts By Frank Rothaermel - McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. - 2012

The Danger Of Hope By John Steinbeck - 1082 Words

Lindsay Mullins Ms.Zlotziver English 1 – P1 15 December 2015 The Danger of Hope Within the novel, Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, many characters, such as Lennie and George, are hopeful and focused on achieving the reality of their dreams. Whether that dream includes land of one’s own, to finally become noticed or even to have companionship remains inconsequential to the big picture. Eventually, each character comes to the understanding that sometimes what they want most leans more towards impracticality than probability. Through the entirety of the novel, Steinbeck uses light as a symbol of hope and dark as a symbol of danger to foreshadow and convey the theme that the danger of hope is that some do not realize their dreams are unattainable. Many characters in Of Mice and Men become so caught up in their hopes and dreams that they forget to consider the possible dangers that come with them; but when they do, that realization becomes much more heartbreaking. At the beginning of chapter two, Lennie and George arrive at their new job in hopeful spirits for a new start: â€Å"At about ten o’clock in the morning the sun threw a bright dust-laden bar through one of the side windows, and in and out of the beam flies shot like rushing stars† (Steinbeck 17-18). As Lennie and George arrive at their new job, they display excitement to start over after the sticky situation that had presented itself in Weed. From the very beginning, it seems apparent that the duo spend aShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent Does Steinbeck Portray Dreams as Futile in ‘of Mice and Men’?1544 Words   |  7 PagesTo what extent does Steinbeck portray dreams as futile in ‘Of Mice and Men’? In Of Mice and Men, the hopes and dreams of the men on the ranch are a continuous focus and theme throughout the novel. John Steinbeck portrays the effects that dreams, or lack of them, have on the lives of the characters and the outcome of the novel. 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A Report on Innovation Management

Questions: 1. In the case study Bluà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ray versus HDà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ DVD: A standards battle in highà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ definition video (Schilling, 2013, pp 65à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 66), what factors do you think influenced whether (1) consumers, (2) retailers, and (3) movieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ producers supported Bluà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ray versus HDà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ DVD? Discuss and justify your answer using the theory behind the selection of dominant designs. 2. In the case study Dyesol: Partnering to harness the power of the sun (Schilling, 2013, pp 151à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 153), discuss the advantages and disadvantages of collaborating with external partners. Justify your answer. Answers: Introduction: The report aims at providing an insight into the provided case studies. It discusses about the factors that influenced whether consumers, retailers, and movie-producers supported Blu-ray versus HD-DVD and the relevant theory behind the selection of dominant designs. In the second part of the report, the case study of Dyesol is referred to. It discusses the advantages as well as disadvantages of collaboration of external partners, and how Dyesol is benefited from its effective collaborations. Since the very beginning, there was a constant competition amidst Sony and Toshiba regarding their latest innovations. Both were going at par with each other. However, during the eve of the Consumer Electronics Show at Las Vegas during early 2008, it was announced by Time Warner that it would be defecting to the Blu-ray standard (Brush, 2000). This had created a chain reaction amidst the retailers that led Best Buy, Netflix, and Walmart all declaring that they would exclusively stock Blu-ray DVDs. This was how Sony had succeeded in the dominant design. To refer to some of the factors that led the retailers, consumers and stakeholders to select Sonys innovation as it was globally accepted and recommended (Sony and Naik, 2012). The technology of Sony named as Blu-ray had the back up of a consortium which included Matsushita, Philips, Hitachi, and some others. The consistency of Sonys quality and brand recognition had led to its further success. The advantages of a technology may be only observed after achievement of critical users. This refers to a significant race for tipping the point of the installed base (Digital's advantages and disadvantages, 2010). Once this is achieved by any of the formats, the race can be won as well as the format would become the dominant one. As a result, Sonys decision to incorporate a Blu-ray-player with their Playstation 3, that demanded giving away Blu-ray-players for free, proved to be beneficial in terms of sales. 1. As per the raised question based on the case study provided, it is to be note that every party within the standards battle possessed its own individual justifications for selecting one specific standard over another. For example, the wishes of movie producers for selecting Blu-ray were thoroughly varied from the wishes of the consumers for selecting Blu-ray. As interpreted from the case scenario, the most significant factors which influenced consumers within their decision for supporting either Blu-ray or HD_DVD comprised of technical differences, size of the installed base, and that of complementary goods. To support any one of the given standards, from the perspective of a consumer, may be referred to as buying a Blu-ray or an HD-DVD player. On a general basis, consumers may be grouped into two categories: Early users and that of majority(Gemnden, Killen and Kock, 2013). Early users favored one of the two standards depending on technical differences as well as complementary goods. With respect to the given case, early users are those consumers who get attracted to technology and along with it they conduct the research themselves regarding the better standard. The concept of complementary goods refers to the number of movies which releases on any one of the given standards. This is also quite important. The second group that is majority takes decision depending upon the size of the installed base as well as complementary goods. The number of movies is gain important for them but size of the installed base is most relevant for the majority. The advantages of a technology may be only observed after achievement of critical users. This refers to a significant race for tipping the point of the installed base (GENUS and COLES, 2006). Once this is achieved by any of the formats, the race can be won as well as the format would become the dominant one. As a result, Sonys decision to incorporate a Blu-ray-player with their Playstation 3, that demanded giving away Blu-ray-players for free, proved to be beneficial in terms of sales. When the war had started among the two leading innovations, the retailers were left affected as well as they got stuck with unwanted inventory in Betamax players as well as movies. The severe threat of another innovative format war had resulted several retailers as well as consumers to delay their purchases of the latest players while they waited to witness if the market would go in favor of a winner. Some of the factors that influenced the retailers are that of the uncertainty that prevailed with the arrival of new technologies. The retailers had had been selling the previous generation product, and they had sufficient amount of inventory in store already. But when the demand shifted to new technology and innovation, they were left with a huge inventory that remained unsold (Gershon and Kanayama, 2002). In the early 2008, Toshiba had lined up many major Hollywood studios for its format, even that of Time Warners Warner Brothers, Dreamworks Animation, Viacoms Paramount Pictures, and NBC Universals Universal Pictures. Sony possessed its personal Sony Pictures Entertainment, News Corporations 20th Century Fox, Disney, and Lions Gate Entertainment. Sony had incorporated a Blu-ray device while HD_DVD was offered as an option to add-on for Xbox 360 of Microsoft. However, in early January 2008, it was announced by Time Warner that it would be defecting to the Blu-ray standard (Haner and Bakke, 2008). This created a chain reaction amidst the retailers that made some leading retailers to stock Blu-ray DVDs. The leading global retailers always aim at acquiring the best services possible at the lowest price on account of the technological advancement. Although retailers get a varied option and availability of product option in this marketing tug of war, yet the major responsibility lies in the fact that the retailers need to make an effective choice of a particular format. The number of movies is gain important for them but size of the installed base is most relevant for the majority. The advantages of a technology may be only observed after achievement of critical users (Lee, 2005). This refers to a significant race for tipping the point of the installed base. Once this is achieved by any of the formats, the race can be won as well as the format would become th e dominant one. As a result, Sonys decision to incorporate a Blu-ray-player with their Playstation 3, that demanded giving away Blu-ray-players for free, proved to be beneficial in terms of sales. 2. The solar market imposed a greater challenge during the last few months, not just with respect to profitability for manufacturing firms, but also pre-revenue firms like Dyesol, that have been creating innovative technologies. The challenge for the firm is to gather fund for conducting various projects (Lee, 2005). This may be one of the advantages of collaboration with external partners. Effective partnerships with loyal shareholder base may enable the firm to get sufficient funds for its accomplishments. Collaborations with external factors would create opportunities amidst potential strategic investors(Saebi and Foss, 2014). As mentioned in the case scenario, the successful partnerships of Dyesol with external factors would lead to some key advantages and disadvantages as follows: Advantages: Partnership allows two heads that may jointly take important decisions regarding the accomplishments of projects (Sony, Mariappan and Kamat, 2011) With collaboration with external factors, it becomes easier for the Dyesol business to establish itself potentially along with low start-up cost Increased amount of capital is available with joint partnerships An opportunity exists for splitting of income, with an advantage of specific importance on account of resulting saving of tax (Lee, 2005) Partnership would allow Dyesol to maintain concrete privacy of its business conducts Collaboration with external partners would limit any external regulation Effective partnerships would make it convenient for the firm Dyesol to reframe its legal structure in the future if situation demands so (Saemundsson and Candi, 2013) Disadvantages: In terms of business collaborations, the liability of partners for business debts is unlimited The partnership renders each of the partners to be liable for the debts of the partnership. Each party would be liable for their share as well as that of the partnership A risk of disagreements as well as conflict exists amidst partners as well as management On collaborating with external partners, Dyesol would be liable for each and every action of the external partner (Mathur and Singh, 2010) If Dyesol would ever require to leave, it has to value all the assets of partnership which can be highly expensive at times In the previous year, as per the announcement of the collaboration amidst Dyesol and Tata Steel, the plant would be integrating steel featuring DSC technology within developing projects. The projects are well assured, however it requires staying focused upon the risk management as well as providing for possible disappointments. The company has also been collaborating with Pilkington. Dyesol has been working with Pilkington in North America. Delays have been there towards the North American grant programs on account of certain restructuring at the state level. The challenge for the firm is to gather fund for conducting various projects (Priyanto and Sandjojo, 2005). This may be one of the advantages of collaboration with external partners. Effective partnerships with loyal shareholder base may enable the firm to get sufficient funds for its accomplishments. Collaborations with external factors would create opportunities amidst potential strategic investors (Michael and Mariappan, 2011 ). With respect to the collaboration of Dyesol with all external collaborations, creating a collaboration would not only strengthen its campaign, but also demonstrate towards the community, funders, and decision-makers and all stakeholders about what needs to be done and what not. The collaboration of Dyesol with Tata Steel and Pilkington had offered a potential mechanism to leverage the DSC technology. It also imposed some risk that the Tata chemical business would gradually learn to reverse engineer Dyesols products, and identify ways to circumvent its patents (Sony struggles to remain creative, 2004). In that case, it may find itself to have a lengthy and expensive litigation battle against an opponent. Under the collaboration deal with Pilkington, both the firms have created a joint venture named DyeTec Solar. This would use the DSC coating of Dyesol upon the architectural glass for creating photovoltaic functionality (Otubanjo, PhD et al., n.d.). The new coated sheet-glass solar panels were never used earlier within the commercial market. Hence it led to high market uncertainty (Uggla and Verick, 2008). Managers within the firm felt that instead of emphasizing on large ventured projects which would require considerable time as well as investment upon Dyes ols part, the firm must emphasize instead upon liberally licensing technology to various manufacturers who can incorporate DSC into their products. Conclusion: Thus from the above discussion, some important ideas may be concluded with respect to business and technology environment. As interpreted from the case scenario, the most significant factors which influenced consumers within their decision for supporting either Blu-ray or HD_DVD comprised of technical differences, size of the installed base, and that of complementary goods. To support any one of the given standards, from the perspective of a consumer, may be referred to as buying a Blu-ray or an HD-DVD player. When the war had started among the two leading innovations, the retailers were left affected as well as they got stuck with unwanted inventory in Betamax players as well as movies (Otubanjo, PhD et al., n.d.). The severe threat of another innovative format war had resulted several retailers as well as consumers to delay their purchases of the latest players while they waited to witness if the market would go in favor of a winner. Some of the factors that influenced the retailer s are that of the uncertainty that prevailed with the arrival of new technologies. With collaboration with external factors, it becomes easier for the Dyesol business to establish itself potentially along with low start-up cost. Increased amount of capital is available with joint partnerships. In terms of business collaborations, the liability of partners for business debts is unlimited. The partnership renders each of the partners to be liable for the debts of the partnership (Panda, Pangtey and Sony, 2003). Each party would be liable for their share as well as that of the partnership. A risk of disagreements as well as conflict exists amidst partners as well as management. On collaborating with external partners, Dyesol would be liable for each and every action of the external partner. The challenge for the firm is to gather fund for conducting various projects. This may be one of the advantages of collaboration with external partners. Effective partnerships with loyal shareholder base may enable the firm to get sufficient funds for its accomplishments. Collabora tions with external factors would create opportunities amidst potential strategic investors. The collaboration of Dyesol with Tata Steel and Pilkington had offered a potential mechanism to leverage the DSC technology. It also imposed some risk that the Tata chemical business would gradually learn to reverse engineer Dyesols products, and identify ways to circumvent its patents. In that case, it may find itself to have a lengthy and expensive litigation battle against an opponent. Under the collaboration deal with Pilkington, both the firms have created a joint venture named DyeTec Solar (Petronio and Colacino, 2008). This would use the DSC coating of Dyesol upon the architectural glass for creating photovoltaic functionality. References Brush, G. (2000). Supplier development strategies for small high technology firms.Innovation: Management, Policy Practice, 3(3), pp.3-10. Digital's advantages and disadvantages. (2010).Dental Abstracts, 55(5), pp.277-278. Gemnden, H., Killen, C. and Kock, A. (2013). A Special Issue of Creativity and Innovation Management: Implementing and Informing Innovation Strategies through Project Portfolio Management.Creativity and Innovation Management, 22(1), pp.103-104. GENUS, A. and COLES, A. (2006). FIRM STRATEGIES FOR RISK MANAGEMENT IN INNOVATION.International Journal of Innovation Management, 10(02), pp.113-126. Gershon, R. and Kanayama, T. (2002). The sony corporation: A case study in transnational media management.International Journal on Media Management, 4(2), pp.105-117. Haner, U. and Bakke, J. (2008). Proximity, mobility and aesthetics in strategies for innovation management.IJEIM, 8(2), p.168. Lee, E. (2005). The Ethics of Innovation: p2p Software Developers and Designing Substantial Noninfringing Uses Under the Sony Doctrine.Journal of Business Ethics, 62(2), pp.147-162. Mathur, I. and Singh, M. (2010). Corporate political strategies.Accounting Finance, 51(1), pp.252-277. Michael, S. and Mariappan, V. (2011). Capacity management of an electricity service centre using simulation.International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, 8(4), p.472. Otubanjo, PhD, O., Lim, L., Melewar, T. and Cornelius, N. (n.d.). A Corporate Brand in the Technology Road-Map: Sony.SSRN Journal. Panda, A., Pangtey, M. and Sony, P. (2003). Response to Symptomatic Management of Postoperative Bullous Keratopathy With Nonpreserved Human Amniotic Membrane.Cornea, 22(2), p.187. Petronio, A. and Colacino, P. (2008). MOTIVATION STRATEGIES FOR KNOWLEDGE WORKERS: EVIDENCES AND CHALLENGES.Journal of Technology Management Innovation, 3(3). Priyanto, S. and Sandjojo, I. (2005). Relationship between entrepreneurial learning, entrepreneurial competencies and venture success: empirical study on SMEs.IJEIM, 5(5/6), p.454. Saebi, T. and Foss, N. (2014). Business models for open innovation: Matching heterogenous open innovation strategies with business model dimensions.European Management Journal. Saemundsson, R. and Candi, M. (2013). Antecedents of Innovation Strategies in New Technology-based Firms: Interactions between the Environment and Founder Team Composition.Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(5), pp.939-955. Sony struggles to remain creative. (2004).Strategic Direction, 20(4), pp.10-12. Sony, M. and Naik, S. (2012). Six Sigma, organizational learning and innovation.Int J Qual Reliability Mgmt, 29(8), pp.915-936. Sony, M., Mariappan, V. and Kamat, V. (2011). Stochastic modelling of failure interaction: Markov model versus discrete event simulation.International Journal of Advanced Operations Management, 3(1), p.1. Uggla, H. and Verick, H. (2008). Strategic brand management decision: the case of Sony Ericsson Walkman.Strategic Direction, 24(9), pp.3-5.