Gradgrinds system Essay Example for Free

Gradgrinds system Essay In this fifth chapter the readers are certainly convinced of Bitzers unpleasantness because of what he says about horse riders. He says, The horse riders never mind what they say, which shows that he has been affected by Mr.Gradgrinds teaching method in that now he looks down upon anything that is slightly fanciful. This lets the readers know that Mr.Gradgrinds system is failing because although the pupils he is teaching are becoming more intellectual, they are also becoming more devoid of sentiment, and therefore more unkind to others around them. I think that Sissy becomes a much more favoured character in this chapter because she seems innocent and frightened when she says things like, he frightened me so. I think that this is Dickens trying to prove that the more fanciful and spirited character in the book should be treated better and listened to more.  By the last chapter in the second book it is completely clear that Mr.Gradgrinds views have been wrong all along. At this point in the story Louisa has been married to Mr.Bounderby, and Sissy is living with the Gradgrinds. It is obvious throughout the book that Louisa dislikes Mr.Bounderby intensely; however her father never picks up on these emotions. That is why, during this chapter, Louisa breaks down and tells her father how she feels. I think it is significant that Louisa arrives at her fathers house drenched from the storm, as this makes the scene seem more dramatic and her seem in a much greater state of desperation. She says a lot about what she feels and she lets go of all her pent up frustration when she says things like, I curse the hour in which I was born to such a destiny, if you had only neglected me, what a much better and much happier creature I should have been this day, and, What have you done O father, what have you done with the garden that should have bloomed once, in this great wilderness here? These are all very powerful words and I think that it is when Louisa has made all her points that the readers see Mr.Gradgrind for what he really is: not a man who wishes to crush the happiness of anyone he comes into contact with, but a father who loves his children and only has their best interests at heart, regardless of how misguided his ideas on upbringing are. I can tell this because he says things like, my poor child, and, I never knew you were unhappy, my child. The plot outcomes really bring Dickens points of view out into the open as he has shown how the characters that were oppressed by Mr.Gradgrinds system have been destroyed and how the people who stayed true to themselves have succeeded. For instance, Louisa had become the sorry, wretched woman who broke down in front of her father, and Tom has resorted to stealing and deceit. Also Bitzer, who has been brought up alongside Mr.Gradgrinds system has become an unemotional man of facts and figures, who doesnt care for anyones feelings. Sissy on the other hand who had remained kind and spirited for the whole of the story, and who was raised by the circus, becomes a very carefree and happy woman.  Mr.Gradgrind when shown the error of his ways becomes a much more tolerable man and I think the readers respect him for making a change. I think this is how Dickens tries to express the fact that a change in society must be made, and if it were the person who was responsible for the change would be greatly respected and honoured.

New York and the Spanish Influenza :: Influenza Epidemics Health Essays

New York and the Spanish Influenza NEW YORK--Although public health officials, including the Surgeon General, have been reluctant to declare an epidemic of crisis proportions, indications that something more than a mild flu season was at hand began to appear as far back as May when reports from China, the Front lines, and other places around the world, were telling of large numbers of people becoming suddenly ill.1 Few deaths were acknowledged in those early reports and most reports indicated the illness only lasted a few days. Five months later we are seeing something that is quite different. Spanish influenza is spreading faster than health care personnel can treat it. The growing number of people being infected and the dwindling supply of doctors and nurses, already strained by the war, makes it more difficult to treat the sick and thereby slow or stop the spread of the disease. The dynamics of the situation suggests that things are going to get worse before getting better. As early as May and June, there were reports of widespread illness amongst the German soldiers, and later reports in July said that the disease struck so quickly and was so virulent that many German soldiers were dying in the trenches from influenza.2 In Berne, Switzerland, the municipality has forbidden all meetings, including performances in theatres, picture houses, music halls, and concerts. The ban also includes religious ceremonies. Those who ignore the order could face fines and imprisonment.3 It was not until August, however, before officials here in the United States, particularly in New York, expressed any real concern for the latest influenza invasion, which incidentally, did not originate in Spain as the name may suggest. The initial cause for alarm in New York was the discovery of nine cases of influenza aboard a Norwegian vessel that had docked at Quarantine in New York Harbor. Dr. Leland E. Cofer, Health Officer of the Port downplayed the chances of more people b ecoming ill or that the disease would spread; however, the concern was great enough amongst health officials that there was talk of imposing a quarantine in New York.4 When discussing the possibility of a quarantine, Colonel J. M. Kennedy, Medical Corps, U.S.A., Chief Surgeon at the New York port of embarkation, indicated he opposed a quarantine because it would clog the harbor and produce delays in sending troops and supplies overseas, and that the influenza here is not at all dangerous, except when pneumonia develops, and even when pneumonia develops, only a few cases are fatal. New York and the Spanish Influenza :: Influenza Epidemics Health Essays New York and the Spanish Influenza NEW YORK--Although public health officials, including the Surgeon General, have been reluctant to declare an epidemic of crisis proportions, indications that something more than a mild flu season was at hand began to appear as far back as May when reports from China, the Front lines, and other places around the world, were telling of large numbers of people becoming suddenly ill.1 Few deaths were acknowledged in those early reports and most reports indicated the illness only lasted a few days. Five months later we are seeing something that is quite different. Spanish influenza is spreading faster than health care personnel can treat it. The growing number of people being infected and the dwindling supply of doctors and nurses, already strained by the war, makes it more difficult to treat the sick and thereby slow or stop the spread of the disease. The dynamics of the situation suggests that things are going to get worse before getting better. As early as May and June, there were reports of widespread illness amongst the German soldiers, and later reports in July said that the disease struck so quickly and was so virulent that many German soldiers were dying in the trenches from influenza.2 In Berne, Switzerland, the municipality has forbidden all meetings, including performances in theatres, picture houses, music halls, and concerts. The ban also includes religious ceremonies. Those who ignore the order could face fines and imprisonment.3 It was not until August, however, before officials here in the United States, particularly in New York, expressed any real concern for the latest influenza invasion, which incidentally, did not originate in Spain as the name may suggest. The initial cause for alarm in New York was the discovery of nine cases of influenza aboard a Norwegian vessel that had docked at Quarantine in New York Harbor. Dr. Leland E. Cofer, Health Officer of the Port downplayed the chances of more people b ecoming ill or that the disease would spread; however, the concern was great enough amongst health officials that there was talk of imposing a quarantine in New York.4 When discussing the possibility of a quarantine, Colonel J. M. Kennedy, Medical Corps, U.S.A., Chief Surgeon at the New York port of embarkation, indicated he opposed a quarantine because it would clog the harbor and produce delays in sending troops and supplies overseas, and that the influenza here is not at all dangerous, except when pneumonia develops, and even when pneumonia develops, only a few cases are fatal.

Film Opinion Essay

When I decide to drive to the movie theater or to sit down and enjoy a film, several factors play in my choice of movie. Most of the time, it depends on the mood that I am in. Am I in the mood for something light and funny? Or do I want to submerge myself into a detail-oriented film such as Inception? I take into consideration whether I have enjoyed the actors in previous films, and if I think they will provide the entertainment I am looking for. Has the trailer engaged me long enough to make me interested in the film? Or has the advertising flooded me with information that makes me feel as though the film will be another flop and not worth my time? These are all questions I ask myself when I start to think about watching a movie. Generally, I don’t take movie critic reviews into consideration because I have been disappointed several times in the past, but I will listen to what friends have to say about their experience with the movie. I enjoy most films across all genres. I enjoy when the stories are detailed, and provide a history of the characters, whether through flashbacks or dialogue. I prefer comedies to be humorously dark, sarcastic, or dry. With dramas or action flicks, I prefer for the protagonist to have some tragic faults that lead to their outcome or victory to be sweeter or to justify a better cause than them. I enjoy dialogue-heavy films with actors who can portray the character in a way that makes me believe in them. The recent run of comic-based movies is thoroughly enjoyable to me, due to the rich storytelling and deep backstories from the comic books that the movies accompany. Seeing those characters given life by actors that pull off the mannerisms and attitudes helps ensnare new fans into the world of comics. Science fiction films draw me in because I have always been intrigued by the idea that our technological advancement will eventually cause issues that could lead to humanity’s downfall. When I can watch movies over and over again and find new, interesting subplots or Easter eggs, it makes the experience more rewarding. I do not enjoy films with plotlines that do not make sense, create a story too difficult for the medium to translate properly for the audience, or when movies start plotlines but do not see them through. When watching horror films, slasher films do not pique my interest as much as psychological or religious horror films do. I try to stay away from the general run of the mill action films that come out every summer, that tend to have the same formula as a lot of other action movies. In rare instances, the soundtrack of a film will turn me away if it does not fit the mood and movement of the film. This makes them very predictable and unenjoyable to me. I also find it difficult to watch movies that are based on books but take too many liberties and do not follow the book’s storyline. All in all, I enjoy watching movies and do so several times a week if I have the time. Whether it be new films or favorites that I have watched many times, it is always good to escape from reality for a short time and to relax. Movies have always been a good conversation piece for my circle of friends, and are usually what we choose to do when we get together. I find that I have no problem sitting down and starting any movie at home to see if it will capture my interest, but when it comes to paying for a ticket, I am more picky because I do not want to feel as though I wasted my money.

Ankle Sprain in Volleyball - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2927 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/02 Category Sports Essay Level High school Tags: Volleyball Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Volleyball is a very safe sport, even at the highest levels of play 1. Indeed, when compared with other team sports played at Olympic Games in Athens 2 and London 3, volleyball shows the lowest injury incidence rate. Incidence of time-loss injuries in volleyball during match play is 3.8/1000 player hours (95% CI 3.0 to 4.5), with higher incidence among senior players and without differences among sexes Regardless of the sex or level of play, the most frequent injury in volleyball is ankle sprain 4-6, accounting for 25.9% of all acute time loss injuries in volleyball 1,7. Recent literature review 8 has shown that overall incidence of ankle injuries per 1000 player hours is 0.9 – 1.0, while match and training incidence is 1.7 and 0.8 injuries/1000 player hours, respectively. The authors 8 have also shown that match injuries are more frequent in men (2.6/1000 player hours) compared with women (0.7/1000 player hours). Most ankle sprains in volleyball occur in the conflict zone around the net following the landing from a vertical jump 4,9. In particular, half of all ankle sprains in volleyball are related to landing from blocking, and approximately one third to spiking 10,11. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ankle Sprain in Volleyball" essay for you Create order While epidemiology and injury mechanisms of ankle sprain in volleyball are well documented, there is a surprising lack of data regarding the potential risk factors. Data from prospective epidemiological studies have shown that the most commonly described and consistent risk factors for ankle sprains in volleyball are previous ankle injury 6,12 and body mass index 13,14. From functional point of view, decreased lower extremity neuromuscular control could be associated with increased risk for ankle sprain in volleyball 15. In an observational case-control study, Suda and Sacco 15 reported decreased peroneus longus activity before ground impact in volleyball players with chronic ankle instability. Furthermore, van den Doers et al. 16 have prospectively studied the association of landing control with the risk of ankle sprains in a group of volleyball, basketball, and korfball players, and concluded that poor landing stability in the forward and diagonal jump direction, and landing techni que with a greater ankle dorsiflexion moment are significant risk factors for ankle sprain. These findings are not surprising, given that many ankle sprains occur during landing from a jump. Finally, there is evidence that greater strength of the plantar flexors may predict an ankle sprain in volleyball players 17,18. This finding may be explained with the increased vertical jump height in players with greater plantar flexor strength and subsequent problems during landing following such jump 18. This could be especially evident in male volleyball players that predominantly use single leg landing strategy in comparison with female volleyball players 19. Indeed, previous studies have shown that plantar flexors strength contributes significantly to the vertical jump height 20. However, the contribution of knee extensors (quadriceps) strength to the vertical jump height is even higher 21. It is, therefore, possible that quadriceps strength, as well as jumping performance, are also associated with the risk of ankle injuries in volleyball. In addition, due to unilateral landing strategy, bilateral asymmetry in quadriceps strength could also be linked to risk of ankle sprains i n male volleyball. To our best knowledge, no study has attempted to investigate these conjectures. The purpose of this study was to prospectively establish the association between leg extensor strength and power qualities (i.e. isokinetic quadriceps strength, bilateral quadriceps strength asymmetry, and vertical jump performance), and the risk of ankle sprains in male volleyball players. Material and methods This was a prospective epidemiological study. Male volleyball players (N=99) from Slovenian national league were recruited to participate in the study. Prior to the start of the volleyball season, all the participants completed a preseason questionnaire (including data about the previous ankle injuries) and underwent anthropometric measurements, vertical jump testing, and a bilateral isokinetic evaluation of the quadriceps (Q) and hamstrings (H). During the subsequent season the players reported through a weekly questionnaire any acute time loss ankle sprain that has occurred. Male volleyball players from Slovenian 1st and 2nd national league volunteered to participate in the study. Main inclusion criteria were: age ? 18 years, regular participation in volleyball training at least 3 times per week, no major injuries upon entry into the study (injuries that would demand more than 4 weeks to return to play) and absence of all general contraindications for isokinetic strength testing of the knee. National Medical Ethics Committee (no. 63/07/12) has approved the study. We assessed body height and body mass using a stadiometer and scale (models 222 and 762, respectively; Seca Instruments Ltd, Hamburg, Germany) and skinfolds using Harpenden skinfold calipers (Holtain Ltd, Crosswell, Crymych, United Kingdom). From 7 skinfold measures, we calculated the body fat percentage using a Jackons Pollock formula 22. The same experienced examiner performed all testing. Players from the same volleyball club were tested on the same day. A day prior to testing no practice was allowed. Each testing session started with a warm up consisting of cycling for 6 minutes at moderate pace (100 W), followed by a 15 second stretch of Q and H. All participants were given a detailed explanation about the testing procedure, which was also demonstrated on an independent subject not participating in the study prior to testing. The height of the countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) was tested using an Optojump system (Microgate, Bolzano, Italy). Briefly, each athlete started from an upright standing position, making a preliminary downward movement by flexing at the knees and hips, then immediately extending knees and hips again to jump vertically up off the ground. Athletes performed 3 repetitions of CMJ and the best result in cm was recorded as the main outcome measure. The Optojump is a dual beam optical device that measures contact and flight times during a series of jumps (or single jump). Flight time (tair) was used to calculate height of the rise of the bodys centre of gravity (height = (g Ãâ€" tair2)/8). The validity and reproducibility of VJ testing using Optojump device proved to be excellent 23. Testing was performed using Techno-Gym REV 9000 isokinetic dynamometer (TehcnoGym, SpA, Via G. Perticari 20, 47035 Gambet-Tola, Forli, Italy). Players were tested in sitting position. The axis of rotation of knee joint was identified through the lateral femoral condyle and aligned with the motor axis using a laser beam preinstalled into the head of dynamometer. A range of motion (ROM) of 60 ° was set from 30 ° to 90 ° knee flexion (full extension considered 0 °). In our previous study we have already shown that testing in short ROM yields same results as testing in the full ROM, while being much more suitable for the participants 24. Testing was performed at 60 °/s for both concentric and eccentric contraction modes for Q and H. Gravity error torque was recorded for every athlete. Prior to testing each participant performed 2 submaximal and 1 maximal repetition at a given velocity and mode of contraction. Each participant performed 5 maximal contractions in the following or der: (1) five consecutive concentric Q and H contractions followed by a 60s pause, (2) five eccentric Q contractions followed by a 60s pause, (3) five eccentric H contractions. When testing of one side was completed, a 3 minutes break followed during which the machine setting was changed to accommodate for the opposite leg. The first tested leg was assigned randomly for each athlete. There was consistent verbal coaching, and visual feedback was allowed throughout the testing. Following the preseason testing, club representatives were designated to register training load and injuries. Injury was defined as ankle sprain that occurs during training or match play and results in the immediate termination of play and inability to participate in the next training session or match 25. Injuries and training exposures were reported on a weekly basis. In case of an injury team physician and/or physical therapist was contacted to obtain full injury report form. All calculations were performed using SPSS for Windows (version 17.0; SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Following the testing Q concentric (Qcon) and eccentric (Qecc) and H concentric (Hcon) and eccentric (Hecc) peak torque data (in Nm) were extracted and normalized for body weight and expressed as peak torque to body weight (in Nm/kg). We have also calculated the following strength ratios for each leg: conventional hamstring-quadriceps ratio (HQR; Hcon/Qcon), dynamic functional ratio (DFR; Hecc/Qcon), quadriceps (QEC) and hamstrings (HEC) eccentric to concentric ratio (Qecc/Qcon and Hecc/Hcon, respectively). It should be noted that, regardless of limb dominance, 90% of male volleyball players use right leg as take-off leg during attack jump 26. In that regard, bilateral strength asymmetry of Q and Q for each contraction type was calculated using the formula 1–(strength left side/strength right side) and expressed as a percentage. Bilateral strength asymmetry was defined as abnormal whe n the difference between the right and left Q and H strength exceeded 15% 27. All values were later on presented as mean  ± standard deviation and one-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the differences among injured vs. uninjured players. Effect sizes (ES) were calculated for group differences in selected variables, and were interpreted as small (0.2), moderate (0.5), and large (0.8). Binary logistic regression was used to calculate odd ratio for ankle sprain using bilateral strength asymmetry, CMJ height, and previous ankle sprain as independent predictors. A significance level of .05 was used for all tests. Results Main characteristics of the players are presented in Table 1. During the season, we have registered 19 ankle sprains (15 first time ankle sprains and 4 recurrences) among 99 players during 46 629 player hours, 40 887 hours of training and 5 643 hours of match play. The total (overall) ankle sprain incidence was 0.41 ±0.24 per 1000 hours of play, 0.46 ±0.19 during training and 3.37 ±1.15 during play. In logistic regression model previous ankle injury was not a significant risk factors (?2(1)=0.063, p=0.802; odd ratio 0.86; 95% CI: 0.25-2.89). Table 1 Countermovement jump height did not significantly differ (F=1.06, p=0.306; ES = 0.27) between players with (40.8 cm ? 6.9 cm) and without ankle sprain (38.7 cm ? 8.5 cm). Furthermore, in logistic regression model countermovement jump height was not a significant risk factor for ankle sprain (odd ratio: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.94 – 1.19, p=0.393). Strength of Q and H and calculated strength ratios and bilateral strength asymmetry in players with and without ankle sprain are presented in Table 2. The players with ankle sprain had significantly higher right Q strength in comparison with healthy players (2.90 Nm/kg vs. 2.66 Nm/kg; F=4.95, p=0.028; ES = 0.63). Consequently, players with ankle sprain also had a lower HQR (0.56 vs. 0.62; F=5.12, p=0.026; ES = 0.63) and higher Q strength asymmetry in favour of the right side (6.63% vs. -4.36%; F=5.12, p=0.024; ES = 0.68) (Table 2). In logistic regression model, bilateral Q strength asymmetry was a significant risk factor for ankle sprain with odd ratio 0.956 (95% CI 0.919-0.995, p=0.026; B= -.045). Furthermore, when we introduced a proposed normative cut off value for Q strength of 2.7 Nm/kg that was calculated from a previous study28 that included only healthy volleyball players without a history of ankle sprain, we observed that 95% confidence interval of right Q strength in players who have sustained an ankle sprain was above that cut off value (Figure 1). Calculated sensitivity and specificity of such cut off to discriminate between players with and without future ankle sprain was 68% and 53%, respectively. Table 2 Figure 1 Discussion The major findings of the current study were: (i) previous ankle sprain was not a significant risk factor for future ankle sprain; (ii) albeit somewhat higher in the injured group (ES = 0.27), CMJ height was not a significant risk factor for ankle sprain; (iii) bilateral Q strength asymmetry was a significant risk factor for ankle sprain; and (iv) injured players had higher right concentric Q strength, higher bilateral Q strength asymmetry in favour of the right side, and lower HQR on the right leg (ES = 0.63-0.68). Contrary to our findings, several previous studies reported previous ankle sprain as a significant risk factor for future ankle sprain in volleyball (3, 34). Bahr Bahr (3) prospectively studied 272 male and female Norwegian volleyball players and reported previous ankle sprain as a significant risk factor for future ankle sprain. In another prospective study, Verhagen et al. (34) followed 486 male and female players from the second and third Dutch national volleyball divisions during the whole season and reported that 75% of all players with an ankle sprain reported a previous ankle sprain. This discrepancy in findings between the current study and previous research could be related to the fact that we only studied male volleyball players, while both previous studies included male and female players. Another possible explanation could be related to markedly lower overall incidence of ankle sprains in the current study (0.41/1000 h) compared with previous studies (1.0/1000 h) (3, 34) . This relatively low number of ankle sprains in the current study could result in low power for statistical analysis to identify risk factors, and represents the limitation of our study. Nevertheless, our study yielded some new important findings related to Q function and ankle sprain risk in male volleyball. First, we observed that bilateral asymmetry in concentric Q strength, albeit not abnormal (?15%) in the tested sample (see Table 2), was a significant risk factor for ankle sprain. We also observed significant group differences of moderate magnitude in bilateral concentric Q strength asymmetry in favor of the right side in the injured group. In particular, the injured group had on average 6.6% higher right concentric Q strength, while the uninjured group displayed 4.4% higher left concentric Q strength, respectively. As there were no group differences in H strength, injured group also had significantly lower HQR of moderate magnitude. In order to explain these findings, we have (re) analysed the nature of the attack jump in volleyball (Figure 2). The players are usually performing attack jump following a three-step approach: left foot (short step) – right foot (long step) – left foot joins the right foot – push off for vertical jump. The second step where they plant a right foot on the ground is the longest one. When right foot is planted, the right knee goes into semi-flexion, while Q is being eccentrically loaded. The left foot than follows and shortly after the contact of the left foot with the ground (third step) the push off phase of jump is initiated. Right Q loading seems therefore longer in comparison to the left side, and is essential for a concentric part of the CMJ where explosive concentric Q strength is needed to push off the ground 29. We hypothesize that this might explain our finding regarding the importance of right Q strength. It has been shown that Q concentric strength expl ains up to 56% of vertical jump height 20; hence we might expect players with stronger Q to jump significantly higher. Considering the fact that male volleyball players land on one leg more frequently than females 19, we may also understand that landing safely from a jump is highly demanding neuromuscular task that requires proper strength of the whole kinematic chain involved. The fact that eccentric Q function and CMJ height were not significant risk factor for ankle sprain in the current study contradicts our conjecture, but could be related to previously mentioned low power for statistical analysis to identify risk factors due to relatively low number of ankle sprains. Figure 2 The results of logistic regression suggest that decreasing the bilateral asymmetry in concentric Q strength for 1% could decrease the risk for ankle sprain (B= -.045) for 4% in male volleyball players. However, this simplistic strategy for prevention of ankle sprains in male volleyball could be misleading, given that the observed bilateral asymmetry in concentric Q strength was rather small (see previous paragraphs). Also, it does not take into account strength of H muscles. Indeed, in our previous study, we have shown that international-level volleyball players (playing at CEV Champion League and/or national team) had significantly stronger right concentric and eccentric H strength 28. It seems likely that high-level volleyball players are compensating higher right Q strength through increased reciprocal strength of H (antagonists) that may help amortization during landing. Hence, future intervention studies are needed to define the optimal strategy for prevention of ankle sprains i n male volleyball, taking into account function of Q and H muscles. Present results are also in concordance with results of previous study 18 where it was shown that higher plantar flexors strength is a significant predictor of ankle sprain. Furthermore, Lian and co-workers (REF) also observed that volleyball players with patellar tendinopathy had significantly higher jumping performance (take-off force in particular) compared with players without history of patellar tendinopathy. Overall, these results suggest that whole kinematic chain that contributes to the vertical jump height (performance) could also be important in the terms of lower-extremity injury risk (health). We have to acknowledge limitations of the current study. Aside from low incidence of ankle sprains leading to low statistical power, limitation of our study is related to the fact that we only analysed male volleyball players. As vertical jump technique is different for males and females 30, we cannot generalize our findings to female population. Finally, we have not analysed other possible functional risk factors (e.g. balance ability, neuromuscular coordination) that could contribute to the ankle sprain risk. Future studies should address these limitations. Conclusion In male volleyball, players with excessive concentric strength of the right Q, which leads to low H-Q strength ratio, and high bilateral Q strength asymmetry in favour of right side, could be at increased risk of ankle sprains. Previous ankle sprain was not a significant risk factor for future ankle sprain, possibly due to relatively low number of ankle sprains in the current study. Although additional research is needed, our results suggest that volleyball coaches and specialists should put emphasis on eliminating players’ right Q dominance via contralateral Q strengthening, and well as ipsilateral concentric and eccentric H strengthening. Practical application Quadriceps strength asymmetry seems important risk factor for ankle sprain in volleyball Decreasing quadriceps asymmetry for 1% with unilateral strengthening will decrease risk for ankle sprain for 4%. Athletes will also benefit from concomitant concentric and eccentric hamstring strengthening. Acknowledgement This study was supported by Slovenian Research Agency through a project P5-0147.